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Selectively remove large hub trees-as many commercial logging operations do in an effort to extract the most valuable timber-and serious disruption will ensue. Eliminate Google and Amazon and Facebook overnight or shut down the three busiest airports in the world, and you’ll cause havoc. It is the same scale-free properties that make a wood wide web vulnerable to targeted attacks. “You would expect this to increase its chances of survival and increase the resilience of the forest.” But only up to a point. “A young seedling will quickly become tied up within a complex, interwoven, and stable network,” Beiler explained.

It is the same scale-free properties of a shared mycorrhizal network that might allow a young plant to survive in a heavily shaded understory, or infochemicals to ripple out across a stand of trees in a forest.

It is in part these properties of a network-known as “scale-free” properties-that allow diseases, news, and fashions to cascade rapidly through populations.

As in the ballooning market for human probiotics, many of the microbial strains sold are selected not because they are particularly suitable but because they are easy to produce in manufacturing facilities. It is a fact not always taken into account by the fast-growing industry of commercial mycorrhizal products, often marketed as one-size-fits-all quick fixes.

Worse, introducing opportunistic fungal species to new environments might displace local fungal strains with unknown ecological consequences. Poorly matched mycorrhizal species might do more harm to plants than good.

The success of this approach depends on the ecological fit.

Chapter 3, “The Intimacy of Strangers” (p.

It is no longer possible to conceive of any organism-humans included-as distinct from the microbial communities they share a body with.

The difference between animals and fungi is simple: Animals put food in their bodies, whereas fungi put their bodies in the food.

The more of their surroundings that hyphae can touch, the more they can consume.

Introduction, “What is it Like to be a Fungus?” (pp.

What’s astonishing is the gulf between what we expect to find and what we find when we actually look.

Tricked out of our expectations, we fall back on our senses.Introduction, “What is it Like to be a Fungus?” (p.The widespread use of antifungal chemicals has led to an unprecedented rise in new fungal superbugs that threaten both human and plant health. The impact of fungal diseases is increasing across the world: Unsustainable agricultural practices reduce the ability of plants to form relationships with the beneficial fungi on which they depend.Quotes Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds & Shape Our Futures (2020) All page numbers are from the hardcover first edition published by Random House ISBN 978-1-4, fifth printing Merlin Sheldrake is an English biologist.